Chromosomal Abnormalities or alterations are the root of many inherited diseases and traits. Chromosomal abnormalities usually give rise to birth defects and other conditions that may develop during an individual’s lifetime. Examining the karyotype of chromosomes in a sample of cells can allow detection of a chromosomal abnormality and counseling can be offered to parents or families whose family members are at risk of growing up with a genetic disorder. There are many types of Chromosome abnormalities. They can be organized into two basic groups numerical abnormalities and structural abnormalities. A chromosome abnormality or mutation is a missing, extra or irregular portion of chromosomal DNA, this can be from an atypical number of chromosomes or a structural abnormality in one or more chromosomes. Chromosome abnormalities can involve the chromosomes themselves or can involve one or more genes. Most gene abnormalities do not result in an abnormality in the baby unless an abnormal gene is inherited from both the mother and father.
Usually, if only one copy of gene is defective, the ‘good copy’ from the other parent will take over. More than 50 per cent of miscarriages in the early stages of pregnancy are due to abnormalities of the chromosomes. Chromosomal Abnormalities are caused by errors in the number or structure of chromosomes. These problems in the number of chromosomes happen during cell division, there are two kinds of cell division.
· Mitosis- results in two cells that are duplicates of the original cell. This occurs throughout the body but not in reproductive organs, this is how most cells that make up the body are made and replaced.
· Meiosis- results in cells with half the number of chromosomes, there are 23 instead of 46. These are the eggs and the sperm.
In both of these processes, the right number of chromosomes is supposed to end up in the final cells. However, problems in cell division can result in cells with too few or too many copies of a chromosome. Mistakes can also occur when the chromosomes are being duplicated, this results in some cells with the right number of chromosomes and some with an incorrect number of chromosome, this results in a condition known as mosaicism.
The other cause of Chromosome abnormalities is an error in the structure. These problems can occur before fertilization and after the structure of one or more chromosomes. Individuals with structural chromosomal abnormalities usually have the usual number of chromosomes but, small pieces of chromosome may be deleted, duplicated, misplaced or exchanged with another part of a chromosome. Sometimes the rearrangement of chromosomes cannot affect the individual and other times it can resulting in loss or gain of chromosomal material and may lead to pregnancy loss.
Because Chromosome abnormalities affect a person’s genetics, they cannot actually be corrected through treatment. However, there are some treatment options than can make life a lot easier for people with specific Chromosome disorders, injected growth hormones, hormone replacement therapies and occupational or physical therapy can help a lot to treat symptoms and issues connected with Chromosome abnormalities and chromosomal genetic disorder.
affects of Chromosome Abnormalities
Usually, if only one copy of gene is defective, the ‘good copy’ from the other parent will take over. More than 50 per cent of miscarriages in the early stages of pregnancy are due to abnormalities of the chromosomes. Chromosomal Abnormalities are caused by errors in the number or structure of chromosomes. These problems in the number of chromosomes happen during cell division, there are two kinds of cell division.
· Mitosis- results in two cells that are duplicates of the original cell. This occurs throughout the body but not in reproductive organs, this is how most cells that make up the body are made and replaced.
· Meiosis- results in cells with half the number of chromosomes, there are 23 instead of 46. These are the eggs and the sperm.
In both of these processes, the right number of chromosomes is supposed to end up in the final cells. However, problems in cell division can result in cells with too few or too many copies of a chromosome. Mistakes can also occur when the chromosomes are being duplicated, this results in some cells with the right number of chromosomes and some with an incorrect number of chromosome, this results in a condition known as mosaicism.
The other cause of Chromosome abnormalities is an error in the structure. These problems can occur before fertilization and after the structure of one or more chromosomes. Individuals with structural chromosomal abnormalities usually have the usual number of chromosomes but, small pieces of chromosome may be deleted, duplicated, misplaced or exchanged with another part of a chromosome. Sometimes the rearrangement of chromosomes cannot affect the individual and other times it can resulting in loss or gain of chromosomal material and may lead to pregnancy loss.
Because Chromosome abnormalities affect a person’s genetics, they cannot actually be corrected through treatment. However, there are some treatment options than can make life a lot easier for people with specific Chromosome disorders, injected growth hormones, hormone replacement therapies and occupational or physical therapy can help a lot to treat symptoms and issues connected with Chromosome abnormalities and chromosomal genetic disorder.
affects of Chromosome Abnormalities
